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发表于 2019-9-27 15:28:01
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我对语法学习的认识,仅供参考。老师是语法的讲解者, 语法学家是语法的总结者和解释者,而写手作家是语法的创造者和改写者。
学语法之二 语法学通了没有,也许不在于他能解释各种语法现象,也不在于能读懂复杂的长难句,而在于他能不能“变”。就像孙悟空有72般变化神通,八戒有36种变化一样。一个意思,多种表达。即可以变换不同的词汇或句型来表达同一个意思。
个人浅见,语法教学须与写作教学互为补充相互渗透,才能化被动学习为主动学习。在写作中学习语法,才是真正的“活学活用”。
他既可以写出盘根错节繁琐冗长的长难句,又能返朴归真化繁为简,写出简洁明了的简单句。长短句交替方显功力。
当然,学会跑之前一定要先学会走。学习任何东东都有一个循序渐进,由浅入深,从易到难的过程。语法学习自然也不能例外。
==如果一个句子能写出72种变化,那么他就是语法界的齐天大圣了。
学语法不如用语法,边学边用,现用现学。即用字诀。站在写作造句的角度来看语法,你才可能真正认识和体悟语法。
学语法的最高境界也许就是“破”语法,把语法上升到语感。孤独九剑的破字诀。穷尽各种变化,然后万法归宗,大道至简,浓缩精华,概括出最简单的不变之道,以不变应万变。如此,方能一个意思,多种表达。如果你掌据了造字智慧,你会发现:单词虽然是无穷无尽的,但只是26个字母的排列组合游戏。句子可千变万化,但句式是有限的, 可概括成2个或5个。语言是相通的,那是因为造字智慧是相通的。
1. 为什么学习语法?学习语法的目的是用来造句写作和读懂长难句,是用来表达自己想说的话。很少有人是为了成为语法学家。为学语法而学语法是学不好的。君不见老师在讲台上讲得天花乱坠,学生们在下面听得昏昏欲睡,一头雾水。
2.语法不是要不要学的问题,而是如何学的问题。为学语法而学是学不好的。让学生从大量同类语法现象中发现语法规则并总结出来,这叫活学。学语法的目的是为了用来指导自己的写作和阅读。语法要内化成语感才是学通了,这就象打球的手感一样,平时要练瞄准,球场上靠瞬间感觉。忘字诀-忘其形,悟其意,得其神。
那么如何学习语法?学语才是活学活用,因为使一边造句一边用是最好的学习。法边学边用,在使用中学习印象才最深刻,在造句的过程中才能内化语法。否则你也许费了很大力气记住了一大堆语法,却还是不能出口成句。语法这时反成了你脱口而出的障碍。
3. 通读一本简易的语法书,有个整体框架认识。在学习上碰到一些相类似的语法现象,现查现用,加深印象,最好自己总结下这些规则。语法是规矩,没有规矩,不成方圆。但内化成语感后,从心所欲不逾矩。
其实你是可以从语法现象中总结出一些规则来的,再查找语法书,得到了印证的感觉是无与伦比的。也许你会很自豪地发现,原来语法是这么有趣的!
名词和相当于名词语法功能的用法。
那个学校就是我小时候上学的地方。
1. (主语从句) where i studied as a child is that school.
2. (宾语从句)he knew where i studied as a child.
3. (同位语) this is the school, a place where i studied as a child.
4. (表语从句) the school is where i studied as a child.
5. (定语从句)this is the school where i studied as a child.
中央电视台决定任命冯小刚做春晚导演,这引起很大争议. 冯小刚=F
1. It aroused/caused much controversy that F has been appointed as new director of spring festival gala by CCTV.
2. His appointment as new director of spring festival gala by CCTV made F a hot topic.
3. CCTV decided to hire F as director of spring festival gala, which has triggered a heated debate among the public.
4. The decision of CCTV to nominate F as director of spring festival gala by CCTV has provoked great discussion among the people.
5. The news that CCTV employed F as director of spring festival gala has been the talk among the Chinese.
6. There has been hot issue as to invitation of CCTV to hire F as director of spring festival gala.
7. There is much controversy (which is) provoked by the decision of CCTV to invite F as director of spring festival gala.
8. There is heated debate when CCTV decides to hire F as director of spring festival gala.
9. There arises a fierce debate concerning the decision of CCTV to invite F as the director of spring festival gala.
10. A heated debate has arisen as to the decision of CCTV to invite F as the director of spring festival gala.
11. CCTV employed F as director of spring festival gala, a news that has been the talk among the Chinese. (可对比与第5句的区别=同位语的不同用法)
12. There is a hot topic that F has been appointed as new director of spring festival gala by CCTV. (there be+同位语的用法)
13. F, a new director of spring festival gala named by CCTV, quickly becomes the talk among the chinese. (以人作主语)
……………………………………
(随功力的提高,可以写出更多不同的句子来表达)
破语法之同位语
1. Mike, a Green, suggested that a large park be built near the community.
Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.
2. Mr. Smith hoped that his daughter would continue her education to acquire still another degree, and he expressed his wish in a letter to her.
In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue her education to acquire still another degree.
3. There is no reason to believe that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.
There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.
4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to let them feel that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.
Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.
5. Anxiety can emerge if we think that life has not treated us fairly.
Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.
6. He said he was innocent, but nobody believed him.
Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.
先上例句,让大家做一回语法家。自己从例句中来抓共性和总结规则。最后来查语法书,来印证自己的想法,一举数得,这种感觉很妙。
那什么是同位语?
1. 我们可以发现,同位语是名词。
2. 同位语是概括性的抽象名词。有几十个,如news/word/message/reports, idea/belief/thought/conclusion/question/suggestion/information, promise/wish/hope, fact/truth/theory/doubt/plan/claim 等等。
3. 同位语名词就是在名词之后另置一个名词,且这两个名词地位相等,此时称第二个名词为第一个名词的同位语。后一个名词通常是对前一个名词的解释说明,也可以用一个句子来解释前一个名词,此时叫同位语从句。
4. 如果仔细研究一下,可以发现同位语从句是由定语从句简化而来。
(未完待续,有空再写些例句,来完善这个专题)
以下是我学语法的感悟。
菜鸟郭靖学英语之九
令狐冲练习完“破剑式”,就回房攻读英文。读着读着,突然发现有一个句子很长,在六行之末尾才找到了英文的句号“.”他的头都大了,开始抓狂。他嘀咕: 主谓宾在哪?My God!
“你是在叫我吗?” 师傅风清扬刚路过窗口,问道。“呵呵,师傅…”令狐冲不好意思地挠后脑勺。“碰到难题了?”师傅接过书一看,“原来是长难句啊。看来今天我还要教你一招,化长难句为简单句。
道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。这是所有事物的发展过程,由简单到复杂。当然句型句式的发展也不例外。最简单最根本的英文句式=名词+动词。动词再演变成=系动词+及物动词+不及物动词,又衍生成五种基本句型。再不断裂变出各种句型。句子可千变万化,无穷无尽。但句式句型是有限的,即万变不离其宗。写作是先写出简单句,再扩展成长难句,后返朴归真成简单句。而阅读正好相反,化繁为简。”
“咦,师傅,这好像与我所学的独孤九剑道理相通。”令狐冲突然灵光一闪,惊喜道。“孺子可教也!”师傅点了点头,面带微笑。是夜,令狐冲挑灯夜读,专攻长难句。三月下来,“破”长难句略有小成,阅读已无障碍,势如破竹,游刃有余。
目前中国的英语学习方法多如牛毛且有众多的门派之争,但实际效果其实并不理想。重温大师林语堂的经验之谈,对指导我们的英语学习很有好处。为什么中国人学习英语这么辛苦且效果极差?也许就是教与学不得法。
何时中国才能再出几个林语堂?
林语堂名篇《英文学习法》
林语堂大师的启示:我们怎样学英文? - 令狐冲学英语的烦恼 - 知乎专栏
http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/Englishlearning/20556861
商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
作者:richard zou
来源:知乎
作者:richard zou
链接:为什么我背了十几篇新概念四却感觉英语没有任何提高,求评价我的英语学习方法? - richard zou 的回答
来源:知乎
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